MARE NOSTRUM ET MARE ERYTHRAEUM: EL CANAL DEL WADI TUMILAT
Info
Artículos
30-57
Publié-e:
15-05-2017
Auteurs-es
- Jordi Pérez González (ES) Universitat de Barcelona. CEIPAC
Résumé
El presente estudio tiene como objeto analizar el canal que un día unió el Nilo con el Mar Rojo. El dominio del Nilo a través de un canal artificial posibilitó a los egipcios usar el agua como un motor de movilidad para un mayor tráfico de productos y personas entre el delta del río y el Golfo de Suez. Al margen de su uso para irrigar el territorio que atraviesa el Wadi Tumilat, y como defensa contra los enemigos procedentes de Oriente, el canal egipcio que partía del brazo Pelusiaco fue usado sobretodo para importar productos suntuarios desde Oriente o contrariamente, para exportar grano y otros productos egipcios a Oriente. No hemos de olvidar que el tráfico fluvial por el canal redujo el tiempo empleado para cubrir la distancia menciona y posibilitó una mayor carga de mercancíasTéléchargements
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Comment citer
Pérez González, J. (2017). MARE NOSTRUM ET MARE ERYTHRAEUM: EL CANAL DEL WADI TUMILAT. Riparia, 3, 30–57. Consulté à l’adresse https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/sig/article/view/3537
Licence
Les auteurs conservent le droit d'auteur et accordent à la revue le droit de première publication, l'ouvrage étant alors disponible simultanément, sous la licence Licence d’attribution Creative Commons permettant à d'autres de partager l'ouvrage tout en en reconnaissant la paternité et la publication initiale dans cette revue.Références
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M. ALBADALEJO VIVERO, La India en la literatura griega. Un estudio etnográfico, Alcalá de Henares 2005.
J.-J. AUBERT, “Aux origines du canal de Suez? Le canal du Nil à la mer Rouge revisité”, Espaces intégrés et ressources naturelles dans le monde romain, Paris-Besançon 2004, 2-30.
J.-J. AUBERT, “Trajan’s Canal: River Navigation from the Nile to the Red Sea?”, en F. DE ROMANIS, M. MAIURO (ed.), Across the Ocean. Nine Essays on Indo-Mediterranean Trade, Leiden, Boston 2015, 33-42.
L. BASCH, “Phoenician Oared ships”, The Mariner’s Mirror 55, 1969.
D.B. BUKHARIN, “Romans in the Southern Red Sea”, Arabia 3, 2005-2006, 135-140.
A.K. BOWMAN, “Two Notes”, BASP 21, 1984.
K. BURASELIS, M. STEFANOU, D.J. THOMPSON (eds.), The Ptolemies, the sea and the Nile: studies in waterborne power, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013.
J.P. COOPER, “Egypt’s Nile-Red Sea Canals: Chronology, Location, Seasonality and Function”, L. BLUE, J.P. COOPER, R. THOMAS, J. WHITEWRIGHT (eds.), Connected Hinterlands: Proceedings of Red Sea Project IV, held at the University of Southampton, September 2008, Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 8, British Archaeological Reports S2052, Archaeopress, Oxford 2009.
J.P. COOPER, “No easy option: Nile versus red Sea in ancient and medieval north-south navigation”, en W.V. HARRIS, K. LARA (eds.), Maritime Technology in the Ancient Economy: Ship Design and Navigation, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series 84, Portsmouth 2011, 205-210.
DE L. O’LEARY, Arabia Before Muhammad, Routledge, London 1927.
F. DE ROMANIS, Cassia, Cinnamomo, Ossidiana. Uomini e merci tra Oceano indiano et Mediterraneo, Saggi di storia antica 9, Roma 1996.
F. DE ROMANIS, “Traïanòs Potamós: Mediterraneo e Mar Rosso da Traiano a Maometto”, en R. VILLARI (ed.), Controllo degli stretti e insediamenti militari nel Mediterraneo, GLF Editori Laterza, Roma 2002, 21-71.
C.E. FAYLE, A Short history of the World’s Shipping Industry, Routledge 1934.
A. KHURT, The Ancient Near East, Routlegde, London 1995.
W.A. LINDSAY, History of Merchant Shippuing in Ancient Commerce, Adamant Media Corporation, London 1874.
A. LLOYD, Herodotus, Book II, Introduction and Commentary, Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l’empire romain 43, Leiden 1988.
D.J. MARTÍN-ARROYO SÁNCHEZ, “La intervención romana sobre los medios ribereños. Aproximación al estero de Hasta Regia (Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz)”, en J.A. LÓPEZ-GETA, G. RAMOS GONZÁLEZ, R. FERNÁNDEZ RUBIO (coords.), El Agua en Andalucía. Retos y avances en el inicio del milenio, SIAGA 30, Madrid 2012, 761-772.
H. MEULENAERE, Herodotos over de 26ste. Dynastie, Lovaina 1951.
R. MCLAUGHLIN, Rome and the Distant East. Trade Routes to the Ancient Lands of Arabia, India and China, London-New York 2010.
F. MONNIER, “Le canal des Pharaons”, Pharaon Magazine 8, 2012.
F. MONNIER, “Les grandes routes fortifiées du Nouvel Empire (Les forteresses, 3a partie)”, Pharaon Magazine 20, 2014.
F. MONNIER, “Les forteresses égyptiennes, 4e partie”, Pharaon Magazine 21, 2015.
D. NAPPO, “Il terzo secolo d.C. e il commercio romano nel Mar Rosso: crisi o transformazione?”, SHHA 30, 2012, 163-164.
E. NAVILLE, “La stèle de Pithon”, Zeitschrift für Aegyptische Sprache 40, 1902, 66-75
F. OERTEL, “Das Problem des antiken Suezkanals”, K. REPGEN, S. SKALWEIT (hsg.), Spiegel der Geschichte, Fetsgabe für Max Braubach zum 10. April 1964, Münster 1964.
J. PADRÓ, Historia del Egipto faraónico, Madrid 1996 (edición de 2008).
D. PEACOCK, L. BLUE (eds.), Myos Hormos - Quseir al-Quadim: Roman and Islamic ports on the Red Sea. Vol. 2, Finds from the excavations 1999-2003, Archaeopress, Oxford 2011.
D. PEACOCK, “The Roman Ports and Mediterranean Connectivity”, en S. KEAY (ed.), Rome, Portus and the Mediterranean, Archaeological Monographs of The British School at Rome 21, London 2012.
R.K. PEDERSEN (ed.), On sea and ocean. New research in Phoenician seafaring; Proceedings of the symposium held in Marburg, June 23- 25, 2011 at Archäologisches Seminar, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Eigenverlag des Archäologischen Seminars der Philipps-Universität, Marburg 2015
J. PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ, “El Canal de los dos Mares. Época Antigua”, CIRILI. City, River, Littoral, ISSN: 2494-551X, publié le 14/07/2016. Lien: http://cirili.hypotheses.org/783
F. PINA POLO, “El periplo del Mar Eritreo y la presencia romana en el Índico”, en F. MARCO SIMÓN, F. PINA POLO, J. REMESAL RODRÍGUEZ (eds.), Viajeros, Peregrinos y aventureros en el Mundo Antiguo, Col·lecció Instrumenta vol. 36, Barcelona 2010, 101-114.
G. POSENER, La première domination perse en Egypte. Recuil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, Bibliothèque d’étude, IFAO 11, Cairo 1936.
G. POSENER, “Le canal du Nil à la mer Rouge avant les Ptolémées”, Chronique d’Egypte 13, 1938, 271-273.
M.G. RASCHKE, “New Studies in Roman Commerce with the East”, Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II. 9.2, Berlin-New York 1978, 604-1361.
A. REDDY, Looking from Arabia to India: analysis of the early Roman ‘India Trade’ in the Indian Ocean during the late pre-islamic period (3rd Century BC-6th Century AD). Vol. 1: text. (1/2), a Thesis Submitted to Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology, Deemed University, Research Guide Prof. Vasant Shinde and co-guide, Late Prof. Gregory Possehl, November 2013.
C.A. REDMOUNT, “The Wadi Tumilat and the Canal of the Pharaons”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 54/2, 1995, 127-135.
J. REMESAL RODRÍGUEZ, “Providentia et Annona: Cum ventri tibi humano negotium est”, en F. MARCO SIMÓN, F. PINA POLO, J. REMESAL RODRÍGUEZ (eds.), Religión y propaganda política en el mundo romano, Col·lecció Instrumenta vol. 12, Barcelona 2002, 119-125.
L. ROSSI, “Les frequentissimi mercatores de Pouzzoles et le blé égyptien à Rome à la fin de l’époque républicaine”, MÉFRA 126-2, 2014, [en línea], 126–2 | 2014, Publicado el 18 diciembre 2014, consultado el 28 abril 2017. URL: http://mefra.revues.org/2536, DOI: 10.4000/mefra.2536.
L. ROSSI, “Romans and land property rights in Ptolemaic Egypt: the identification of Lucius Septimius”, Ancient Society 44, 2014, 127-147.
R. ROVIRA GUARDIOLA, Las Relaciones comerciales entre Hispania y las provincias orientales durante el Alto Imperio Romano, Tesis doctoral defendida 10-11-2004 en la Universitat de Barcelona.
J. SANMARTÍN, J.M. SERRANO, Historia antigua del Próximo Oriente. Mesopotamia y Egipto, Akal, Madrid 1998 (sexta reimpresión de 2012).
J.M. SERRANO DELGADO, Textos para la historia Antigua de Egipto, Madrid 1993.
W.H. SHEA, “A date for the Recently Discovered Eastern Canal of Egypt”, Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research 226, New Heaven 1977, 32-38.
H. SCHÖRNER, “Künstiche Schiffahrtskanäle in der Antike. Der sogenannte antike Suez-Kanal”, SKYLLIS Zeitschrift für Unterwasserarchäologie 3 Jarhgang, Heft 1, 2000.
S.E. SIDEBOTHAM, Roman Economic Policy in the Erythra Thalassa, 30 B.C.-A.D. 217, Mnemosyne, Supplementum 91, Leiden 1986.
S.E. SIDEBOTHAM, Berenike and the ancient maritime spice route, University of California Press, Berkeley-London 2011.
P.J. SIPJESTEIJN, “Trajan and Egypt”, E. BOSWINKEL ET ALII (eds.), Studia Papyrologica Varia, Papyrologica Lugduno Batava 14, Leiden 1965, 106-113.
A. SNEH, T. WEISSBROD, I. PERATH, “Evidence for an Ancient Egyptian Frontier Canal: The remnants of an artificial waterway discovered in the northeastern Nile Delta may have formed part of the barrier called "Shur of Egypt" in ancient texts”, American Scientist Vol. 63, New York 1975.
H. SONNABEND (hsg.), Mensch und Landschaft in der Antike. Lexicon der historischen Geographie, Stuttgart-Wiemar 1999.
T. SPRATT, “Remarkes on the Istmus on Mount Athos”, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 17, 1845.
J. SUÑÉ ARCE, “El Canal de los dos mares. Época musulmana”, CIRILI. City, River, Littoral, ISSN: 2494-551X, le 16/08/2015. Lien: https://cirili.hypotheses.org/109
T. TERPSTRA, “Roman Trade with the Far East: Evidence for Nabatean Middlemen in Puteoli”, en F. DE ROMANIS, M. MAIURO (ed.), Across the Ocean. Nine Essays on Indo-Mediterranean Trade, Leiden, Boston 2015.
R. TOMBER, “Rome and Mesopotamia, importers into India in the first millenium AD”, Antiquity 81, 2007, 972-988.
R. TOMBER, Indo-Roman trade: from pots to pepper, Duckworth, London 2008.
M. VAN DE MIEROOP, A history of the ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 B.C., Blackwell, Oxford 2007.
J. VON BECKERATH, “Zur Begründung der 12. Dynastie durch Ammenemes I”, ZAeS 93, 1966, 13-20.
W. WARD, “Asiatics and the Delta during the First Intermediate Period”, en Egypt and the East Mediterranena World 2200-1900 B.C., Beirut 1971.
J.A. WILSON, “The story of Sinuhe & The prophecy of Neferty”, en J.B. PRITCHARD (ed.), Ancient Near East Texts, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1969.
W. WOODBURN HYDE, Ancient Greek Mariners, New York 1947.
G.K. YOUNG, Rome’s Eastern Trade. International Commerce and Imperial Policy, 31 BC-AD 305, London-New York 2001.
C. ZAZZARO, The ancient Red Sea port of Adulis and the Eritrean coastal region: previous investigations and museum collections, Archaeopress, Oxford 2013.
M. ALBADALEJO VIVERO, La India en la literatura griega. Un estudio etnográfico, Alcalá de Henares 2005.
J.-J. AUBERT, “Aux origines du canal de Suez? Le canal du Nil à la mer Rouge revisité”, Espaces intégrés et ressources naturelles dans le monde romain, Paris-Besançon 2004, 2-30.
J.-J. AUBERT, “Trajan’s Canal: River Navigation from the Nile to the Red Sea?”, en F. DE ROMANIS, M. MAIURO (ed.), Across the Ocean. Nine Essays on Indo-Mediterranean Trade, Leiden, Boston 2015, 33-42.
L. BASCH, “Phoenician Oared ships”, The Mariner’s Mirror 55, 1969.
D.B. BUKHARIN, “Romans in the Southern Red Sea”, Arabia 3, 2005-2006, 135-140.
A.K. BOWMAN, “Two Notes”, BASP 21, 1984.
K. BURASELIS, M. STEFANOU, D.J. THOMPSON (eds.), The Ptolemies, the sea and the Nile: studies in waterborne power, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013.
J.P. COOPER, “Egypt’s Nile-Red Sea Canals: Chronology, Location, Seasonality and Function”, L. BLUE, J.P. COOPER, R. THOMAS, J. WHITEWRIGHT (eds.), Connected Hinterlands: Proceedings of Red Sea Project IV, held at the University of Southampton, September 2008, Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 8, British Archaeological Reports S2052, Archaeopress, Oxford 2009.
J.P. COOPER, “No easy option: Nile versus red Sea in ancient and medieval north-south navigation”, en W.V. HARRIS, K. LARA (eds.), Maritime Technology in the Ancient Economy: Ship Design and Navigation, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series 84, Portsmouth 2011, 205-210.
DE L. O’LEARY, Arabia Before Muhammad, Routledge, London 1927.
F. DE ROMANIS, Cassia, Cinnamomo, Ossidiana. Uomini e merci tra Oceano indiano et Mediterraneo, Saggi di storia antica 9, Roma 1996.
F. DE ROMANIS, “Traïanòs Potamós: Mediterraneo e Mar Rosso da Traiano a Maometto”, en R. VILLARI (ed.), Controllo degli stretti e insediamenti militari nel Mediterraneo, GLF Editori Laterza, Roma 2002, 21-71.
C.E. FAYLE, A Short history of the World’s Shipping Industry, Routledge 1934.
A. KHURT, The Ancient Near East, Routlegde, London 1995.
W.A. LINDSAY, History of Merchant Shippuing in Ancient Commerce, Adamant Media Corporation, London 1874.
A. LLOYD, Herodotus, Book II, Introduction and Commentary, Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l’empire romain 43, Leiden 1988.
D.J. MARTÍN-ARROYO SÁNCHEZ, “La intervención romana sobre los medios ribereños. Aproximación al estero de Hasta Regia (Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz)”, en J.A. LÓPEZ-GETA, G. RAMOS GONZÁLEZ, R. FERNÁNDEZ RUBIO (coords.), El Agua en Andalucía. Retos y avances en el inicio del milenio, SIAGA 30, Madrid 2012, 761-772.
H. MEULENAERE, Herodotos over de 26ste. Dynastie, Lovaina 1951.
R. MCLAUGHLIN, Rome and the Distant East. Trade Routes to the Ancient Lands of Arabia, India and China, London-New York 2010.
F. MONNIER, “Le canal des Pharaons”, Pharaon Magazine 8, 2012.
F. MONNIER, “Les grandes routes fortifiées du Nouvel Empire (Les forteresses, 3a partie)”, Pharaon Magazine 20, 2014.
F. MONNIER, “Les forteresses égyptiennes, 4e partie”, Pharaon Magazine 21, 2015.
D. NAPPO, “Il terzo secolo d.C. e il commercio romano nel Mar Rosso: crisi o transformazione?”, SHHA 30, 2012, 163-164.
E. NAVILLE, “La stèle de Pithon”, Zeitschrift für Aegyptische Sprache 40, 1902, 66-75
F. OERTEL, “Das Problem des antiken Suezkanals”, K. REPGEN, S. SKALWEIT (hsg.), Spiegel der Geschichte, Fetsgabe für Max Braubach zum 10. April 1964, Münster 1964.
J. PADRÓ, Historia del Egipto faraónico, Madrid 1996 (edición de 2008).
D. PEACOCK, L. BLUE (eds.), Myos Hormos - Quseir al-Quadim: Roman and Islamic ports on the Red Sea. Vol. 2, Finds from the excavations 1999-2003, Archaeopress, Oxford 2011.
D. PEACOCK, “The Roman Ports and Mediterranean Connectivity”, en S. KEAY (ed.), Rome, Portus and the Mediterranean, Archaeological Monographs of The British School at Rome 21, London 2012.
R.K. PEDERSEN (ed.), On sea and ocean. New research in Phoenician seafaring; Proceedings of the symposium held in Marburg, June 23- 25, 2011 at Archäologisches Seminar, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Eigenverlag des Archäologischen Seminars der Philipps-Universität, Marburg 2015
J. PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ, “El Canal de los dos Mares. Época Antigua”, CIRILI. City, River, Littoral, ISSN: 2494-551X, publié le 14/07/2016. Lien: http://cirili.hypotheses.org/783
F. PINA POLO, “El periplo del Mar Eritreo y la presencia romana en el Índico”, en F. MARCO SIMÓN, F. PINA POLO, J. REMESAL RODRÍGUEZ (eds.), Viajeros, Peregrinos y aventureros en el Mundo Antiguo, Col·lecció Instrumenta vol. 36, Barcelona 2010, 101-114.
G. POSENER, La première domination perse en Egypte. Recuil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, Bibliothèque d’étude, IFAO 11, Cairo 1936.
G. POSENER, “Le canal du Nil à la mer Rouge avant les Ptolémées”, Chronique d’Egypte 13, 1938, 271-273.
M.G. RASCHKE, “New Studies in Roman Commerce with the East”, Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II. 9.2, Berlin-New York 1978, 604-1361.
A. REDDY, Looking from Arabia to India: analysis of the early Roman ‘India Trade’ in the Indian Ocean during the late pre-islamic period (3rd Century BC-6th Century AD). Vol. 1: text. (1/2), a Thesis Submitted to Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Archaeology, Deemed University, Research Guide Prof. Vasant Shinde and co-guide, Late Prof. Gregory Possehl, November 2013.
C.A. REDMOUNT, “The Wadi Tumilat and the Canal of the Pharaons”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 54/2, 1995, 127-135.
J. REMESAL RODRÍGUEZ, “Providentia et Annona: Cum ventri tibi humano negotium est”, en F. MARCO SIMÓN, F. PINA POLO, J. REMESAL RODRÍGUEZ (eds.), Religión y propaganda política en el mundo romano, Col·lecció Instrumenta vol. 12, Barcelona 2002, 119-125.
L. ROSSI, “Les frequentissimi mercatores de Pouzzoles et le blé égyptien à Rome à la fin de l’époque républicaine”, MÉFRA 126-2, 2014, [en línea], 126–2 | 2014, Publicado el 18 diciembre 2014, consultado el 28 abril 2017. URL: http://mefra.revues.org/2536, DOI: 10.4000/mefra.2536.
L. ROSSI, “Romans and land property rights in Ptolemaic Egypt: the identification of Lucius Septimius”, Ancient Society 44, 2014, 127-147.
R. ROVIRA GUARDIOLA, Las Relaciones comerciales entre Hispania y las provincias orientales durante el Alto Imperio Romano, Tesis doctoral defendida 10-11-2004 en la Universitat de Barcelona.
J. SANMARTÍN, J.M. SERRANO, Historia antigua del Próximo Oriente. Mesopotamia y Egipto, Akal, Madrid 1998 (sexta reimpresión de 2012).
J.M. SERRANO DELGADO, Textos para la historia Antigua de Egipto, Madrid 1993.
W.H. SHEA, “A date for the Recently Discovered Eastern Canal of Egypt”, Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research 226, New Heaven 1977, 32-38.
H. SCHÖRNER, “Künstiche Schiffahrtskanäle in der Antike. Der sogenannte antike Suez-Kanal”, SKYLLIS Zeitschrift für Unterwasserarchäologie 3 Jarhgang, Heft 1, 2000.
S.E. SIDEBOTHAM, Roman Economic Policy in the Erythra Thalassa, 30 B.C.-A.D. 217, Mnemosyne, Supplementum 91, Leiden 1986.
S.E. SIDEBOTHAM, Berenike and the ancient maritime spice route, University of California Press, Berkeley-London 2011.
P.J. SIPJESTEIJN, “Trajan and Egypt”, E. BOSWINKEL ET ALII (eds.), Studia Papyrologica Varia, Papyrologica Lugduno Batava 14, Leiden 1965, 106-113.
A. SNEH, T. WEISSBROD, I. PERATH, “Evidence for an Ancient Egyptian Frontier Canal: The remnants of an artificial waterway discovered in the northeastern Nile Delta may have formed part of the barrier called "Shur of Egypt" in ancient texts”, American Scientist Vol. 63, New York 1975.
H. SONNABEND (hsg.), Mensch und Landschaft in der Antike. Lexicon der historischen Geographie, Stuttgart-Wiemar 1999.
T. SPRATT, “Remarkes on the Istmus on Mount Athos”, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 17, 1845.
J. SUÑÉ ARCE, “El Canal de los dos mares. Época musulmana”, CIRILI. City, River, Littoral, ISSN: 2494-551X, le 16/08/2015. Lien: https://cirili.hypotheses.org/109
T. TERPSTRA, “Roman Trade with the Far East: Evidence for Nabatean Middlemen in Puteoli”, en F. DE ROMANIS, M. MAIURO (ed.), Across the Ocean. Nine Essays on Indo-Mediterranean Trade, Leiden, Boston 2015.
R. TOMBER, “Rome and Mesopotamia, importers into India in the first millenium AD”, Antiquity 81, 2007, 972-988.
R. TOMBER, Indo-Roman trade: from pots to pepper, Duckworth, London 2008.
M. VAN DE MIEROOP, A history of the ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 B.C., Blackwell, Oxford 2007.
J. VON BECKERATH, “Zur Begründung der 12. Dynastie durch Ammenemes I”, ZAeS 93, 1966, 13-20.
W. WARD, “Asiatics and the Delta during the First Intermediate Period”, en Egypt and the East Mediterranena World 2200-1900 B.C., Beirut 1971.
J.A. WILSON, “The story of Sinuhe & The prophecy of Neferty”, en J.B. PRITCHARD (ed.), Ancient Near East Texts, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1969.
W. WOODBURN HYDE, Ancient Greek Mariners, New York 1947.
G.K. YOUNG, Rome’s Eastern Trade. International Commerce and Imperial Policy, 31 BC-AD 305, London-New York 2001.
C. ZAZZARO, The ancient Red Sea port of Adulis and the Eritrean coastal region: previous investigations and museum collections, Archaeopress, Oxford 2013.