The legal status of climate-displaced persons in Contemporary International Law: (re)thinking statehood in submerged territories

Descargas

Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo:  34  

Información

Estudios
Publicado: 01-03-2026

Autores/as

Resumen

El ascenso sostenido del nivel del mar, consecuencia visible del cambio climático, interpela de manera profunda los fundamentos mismos del Derecho Internacional clásico. La desaparición —paulatina pero irreversible— de territorios insulares plantea una cuestión que hasta hace poco se consideraba meramente teórica: ¿puede subsistir la estatalidad cuando el elemento territorial, soporte material de la soberanía, se desvanece? La respuesta a esta interrogante afecta a la continuidad de la personalidad internacional de ciertos Estados, así como también al destino de sus poblaciones, abocadas al desplazamiento y a la posible pérdida de nacionalidad. En este contexto, el principio de uti possidetis iuris, concebido originariamente como instrumento de estabilización de fronteras en los procesos de descolonización, adquiere una renovada relevancia. Su eventual adaptación al ámbito marítimo y climático podría ofrecer un punto de apoyo para preservar la identidad jurídica de los Estados amenazados por la sumersión de su territorio, garantizando cierta continuidad de sus límites y competencias soberanas. No obstante, su eficacia resulta limitada si no se acompaña de una reflexión más amplia sobre la centralidad de la persona humana en la preservación del orden internacional. El presente trabajo propone, por tanto, repensar la estatalidad desde una doble perspectiva: estructural, en cuanto a la subsistencia del sujeto internacional pese a la pérdida del territorio; y humanitaria, en lo relativo al estatuto jurídico del desplazado climático, figura aún carente de reconocimiento normativo pleno. La articulación entre ambos planos —la continuidad del Estado y la protección de su pueblo— exige una reconstrucción del Derecho Internacional a la luz de la justicia climática, orientada a conservar la forma jurídica de los Estados, así como a salvaguardar la dignidad de quienes, perdiendo su suelo, reclaman seguir perteneciendo a la comunidad internacional.

Palabras clave


Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Cómo citar

Caller Tramullas, L. (2026). The legal status of climate-displaced persons in Contemporary International Law: (re)thinking statehood in submerged territories. PEACE & SECURITY-PAIX ET SÉCURITÉ INTERNATIONALES (EuroMediterranean Journal of International Law and International Relations), (14). Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/paetsei/article/view/12325

Biografía del autor/a

Lorena Caller Tramullas, Universidad de Jaén

Universidad de Jaén

Citas

ABBOTT, K. W. and SNIDAL, D., Hard and Soft Law in International Governance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003.

ALBERT MÁRQUEZ, J. J., “Environmental Displacement: Uncertainties and Legal Responses to a Potential Humanitarian Conflict”, Electronic Journal of Philosophy of Law, nº 46, 2022.

AZNAR GÓMEZ, M. J., “Three tribulations of the State”, Course on International Law, XL, Organisation of American States, 2013.

BARNES, R., “Rising Sea Levels: Statehood and the Law of the Sea”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 60, 2011, pp. 203-223.

BETTS, A., “The Normative Terrain of the Global Refugee Regime”, Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 29, nº 4, 2015, pp. 363-375.

BIERMANN, F. and BOAS, I., “Protecting Climate Refugees: The Case for a Global Protocol”, Environment, vol. 50, nº 6, 2008, pp. 8-17.

BIERMANN, F. and BOAS, I., “Preparing for a Warmer World: Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees”, Global Environmental Politics, vol. 10, nº 1, 2010, pp. 60-88.

BORRÁS PENTINAT, S., “Movements for global climate justice: rethinking the international climate change scenario”, International Relations, nº 33, 2016.

BURKETT, M., “The Nation Ex-Situ: On Climate Change, Deterritorialised Nationhood and the Post-Climate Era”, Climate Law, vol. 2, nº 3, 2011, pp. 345-374.

BUSCH, S. V., “Sea Level Rise and Shifting Maritime Limits: Stable Baselines as a Response to Unstable Coastlines”, Arctic Review on Law & Politics, vol. 9, 2018.

CARRILLO SALCEDO, J. A., “Human Rights and International Law”, Isegoría, nº 22, 2000.

CASSESE, A., International Law in a Divided World, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986.

CHETAIL, V., The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: a kaleidoscope of international law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2020.

CRAWFORD, J., The Creation of States in International Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007.

CRUTZEN, P. J., “Geology of mankind”, in STEFFEN, W. ET AL. (eds.), Paul J. Crutzen: A pioneer on atmospheric chemistry and climate change in the Anthropocene, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

CRUZ ÁNGELES, J., Lessons in Public International Law. Theory and Practice, Tecnos, Madrid, 2025.

DE FARAMIÑÁN GILBERT, J. M., “Law in the face of natural disasters and climate change”, Revista Estudios Jurídicos. Second Era, nº 22, 2022.

DEL ÁLAMO MARCHENA, E., “Migration and Human Displacement in the Context of Climate Change: Reflections on the Category of Climate Refugees”, Peace & Security - Paix et Sécurité Internationales, No. 9, 2021.

DÍEZ DE VELASCO, M., Institutions of Public International Law, Tecnos, Madrid, 2012.

DOCHERTY, B. and GIANNINI, T., “Confronting a Rising Tide: A Proposal for a Convention on Climate Change Refugees”, Harvard Environmental Law Review, vol. 33, 2009, pp. 349-403.

EL-HINNAWI ESSAM, E., Environmental Refugees, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, 1985.

FOSTER, M., International Refugee Law and Socio-Economic Rights, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.

GOODWIN-GILL, G. and McADAM, J., The Refugee in International Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2021.

GRACIA PÉREZ, D., “The tragedy of small island developing states: climate displacement in the face of rising sea levels”, Hispanic-Luso-American Yearbook of International Law, nº 24, 2019.

GROTE, S. J., Disappearing island states in international law, Brill, 2015.

ICISS (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty), The Responsibility to Protect, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, 2001.

JIMÉNEZ GARCÍA-CARRIAZO, Á. y SUNDARARAJAN, S. N., “Transfiguring islands to rocks: Examining the effects of sea level rise in light of Article 121 of UNCLOS”, Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs, vol. 41, 2024.

KÄLIN, W., “Conceptualising Climate-Induced Displacement”, in MCADAM, J. (ed.), Climate Change and Displacement, Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2010, pp. 81-103.

KÄLIN, W. and SCHREPFER, N., Protecting People Crossing Borders in the Context of Climate Change: Normative Gaps and Possible Approaches, UNHCR, 2012.

KLEPP, S. and HERBECK, J., “The Politics of Environmental Migration and Displacement in the Global South”, Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 2016, pp. 54-73.

KOSKENNIEMI, M., From Apology to Utopia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.

KOSKENNIEMI, M., “What Use for Sovereignty Today?”, Asian Journal of International Law, vol. 1, 2011, pp. 61-70.

LATHROP, C. G., “Baselines”, in ROTHWELL, D. R., OUDE ELFERINK, A. G., SCOTT, K. N. and STEPHENS, T. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015.

LÓPEZ RAMÓN, F., “Climate Refugees”, Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental, nº 68, 2017.

MCADAM, J., “Climate Change Induced Displacement and International Law”, Side Event to the High Commissioner’s Dialogue on Protection Challenges, Palais des Nations, Geneva, 2010.

MCADAM, J., Climate Change, Forced Migration, and International Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012.

MCNAMARA, K. E. and FARBOTKO, C., “Resisting a ‘Doomed’ Fate: An Analysis of the Pacific Climate Migration Discourse”, Australian Geographer, vol. 48, 2017, pp. 17-26.

MORGADES GIL, S., “The Global Compact on Refugees and the European Union’s New Pact on Migration and Asylum”, Revista Española de Derecho Internacional, vol. 74, nº 1, 2022.

MUÑOZ RODRÍGUEZ, M. C., “Equality and non-discrimination on grounds of sex, race, religion, disability, age and sexual orientation”, in MARIÑO MENÉNDEZ, F. M. and DE FARAMIÑÁN GILBERT, J. M. (eds.), Human Rights in Global Society: Mechanisms and Practical Ways to Defend Them, CIDEAL, Madrid, 2011, pp. 133-135.

PAPANICOLOPULU, I., “The Land Dominates the Sea (Dominates the Land Dominates the Sea)”, Questions of International Law, vol. 47, 2018.

RAJAMANI, L., Differentiated Responsibilities and Burden Sharing in International Environmental Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006.

RAYFUSE, R., “International Law and Disappearing States: Maritime Zones and the Criteria for Statehood”, Environmental Policy and Law, vol. 41, 2011, pp. 281-285.

RAYFUSE, R., “International Law and Disappearing States: Utilising Maritime Entitlements to Overcome the Statehood Dilemma”, University of New South Wales Law Journal, vol. 38, 2015, pp. 291-321.

RAYFUSE, R., “Sea level rise and maritime zones: Preserving the maritime entitlements of “disappearing” states”, in GERRARD, M. B. y WANNIER, G. E. (Eds.), Threatened island nations: Legal implications of rising seas and a changing climate, Cambridge University Press, 2013.

SOLANES CORELLA, Á., “Climate Displaced Persons and Refugees. The Need for Protection due to Environmental Causes”, Annals of the Francisco Suárez Chair, nº 55, 2020.

SUÁREZ, F., De Legibus ac Deo Legislatore, 1612, book II, chap. XIX.

TALMON, S., Recognition of Governments in International Law: With Particular Reference to Governments in Exile, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.

VELÁSQUEZ BARRIONUEVO, A. J., “The freezing of baselines and maritime boundaries of island states at risk of losing their entire territories due to sea level rise caused by climate change”, International Agenda, vol. 28, nº 39, 2021.

VERDÚ BAEZA, J., “Refugiados climáticos: ¿refugiados sin derechos?”, in DEL VALLE GÁLVEZ, A. (ed.), Inmigración y derechos humanos en las fron- teras exteriores del sur de Europa, Dykinson, Madrid, 2021, pp. 127-128.

VERDÚ BAEZA, J., “Climate Refugees, Human Rights and the Princi- ple of Non-Refoulement”, Peace & Security - Paix et Sécurité Internationales, No. 11, 2023.

WEIS, P., Nationality and Statelessness in International Law, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, Alphen aan den Rijn, 1979.