Shaping EU borders: an analysis of the technological and institutional developments in border management in the European Union
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Auteurs-es
- Irene Baceiredo Macho (ES) Universidad de Deusto
Résumé
L’évolution du paysage de la gestion des frontières dans l’Union européenne (UE) au cours des 40 dernières années a été largement marquée par deux événements majeurs: l’élargissement de l'UE en 2004 et la “crise des réfugiés” de 2015. Ces événements ont conduit à la transformation d'une compétence exclusive des États membres en une compétence partagée entre eux et l'Union. Ces événements ont également catalysé le développement de mécanismes essentiels aux pratiques actuelles de contrôle des frontières: le Système d’Information Schengen (SIS) et les autres systèmes informatiques à grande échelle de l'UE, ainsi que la création et la transformation de l'Agence européenne de garde-frontières et de garde-côtes (FRONTEX). Ces dernières années, la gestion des frontières a encore évolué avec l'introduction de nouvelles technologies telles que le profilage algorithmique ou l'utilisation de l'intelligence artificielle (IA). Toutefois, ces innovations soulèvent de nouveaux défis en matière d'éthique et de droits fondamentaux.
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Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
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