Euro-Mediterranean Experiences on Management of Migration Governance
Auteurs-es
- Giuseppe Cataldi (IT) University of Naples L'Orientale (Italy)
Résumé
Central Mediterranean migrations have led to a series of initiatives by successive Italian governments, initiatives aimed at countering the arrival in the ports of the Peninsula of boats with people rescued at sea. Two are the guidelines followed: the “outsourcing” of the migratory phenomenon’s management, which began in particular through the “Memorandum of Understanding on migrants” stipulated with the government of Tripoli on 2 February 2017; and the “disengagement” with respect to Search and Rescue activities at sea, gradually limiting the direct involvement and above all discouraging these operations by NGOs, “guilty” of attracting rescued persons to the Italian jurisdiction.
In 2018 and 2019, the two so called “security decrees” arrived. These decrees provide, among other things, measures to combat the phenomenon of irregular migration by sea at all costs, including through a progressive detachment from the international commitments undertaken.
In this Note I would like to dwell in particular on a single aspect of the “security decree bis” (n. 53/19 converted by law n. 77 of 8 August 2019) which concerns the interpretation of the right of innocent passage in the territorial sea, an institution codified by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in Montego Bay in 1982 and ratified by Italy in 1994.
Mots-clés
Téléchargements
Comment citer
Licence
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
Copyright
Es condición para la publicación que el autor o autores ceda(n) a la Revista, en exclusiva, los derechos de reproducción. Paix et Sécurité Internationales es una revista que proporciona un acceso abierto inmediato a su contenido totalmente gratuito para lectores como para los investigadores que pretendan publicar en ella, ya que no se realizan cobros por concepto de envío, procesamiento ni publicación. Los usuarios podrán leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar el texto completo de los artículos publicados, o utilizarlos para cualquier otro propósito, dentro de la legalidad vigente. Y podrán hacerlo sin coste alguno, y sin necesitad de solicitar permiso al editor a al autor. Todo ello de acuerdo con la definición de acceso abierto de la Iniciativa Acceso Abierto de Budapest.
Références
BAILLIET C., “The ‘Tampa’ Case and Its Impact on Burden Sharing at Sea”, Human Rights Quarterly, 2003, p. 741 ff.
BEVILACQUA, G., “Italy versus NGOs: The controversial Interpretation and Implementation of Search and Rescue Obligations in the context of Migration at Sea”, Italian Yearbook of International law, 2018, p. 11 ff.
CARRERA, S., DEN HERTOG, L., STEFAN, M., “The EU-Turkey deal. Reversing ‘Lisbonisation’ in EU migration and asylum policies”, in Carrera, S., Santos Vara, J., Strik, T., (eds.), Constitutionalising the External Dimensions of EU Migration Policies in Times of Crisis: Legality, Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights Reconsidered, Cheltenham, 2019, pp. 155-174.
CATALDI, G., “Il passaggio delle navi straniere nel mare territoriale”, Giuffré, Milano, 1990.
CATALDI, G., « Problèmes généraux de la navigation en Europe », in Casado Raigon, R., (ed.), Europe et la mer, II Colloque de l’Association internationale du droit de la mer, Bruylant, Bruxelles, 2005, p. 127 ff.
CUSUMANO, E., and VILLA, M., “Sea Rescue NGOs: a Pull Factor of Irregular Migration?”, in Policy Brief. Migration Policy Centre. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. European University Institute, Issue 2019/22, November 2019.
DE VITTOR, F., STARITA, M., “Distributing Responsibility between Shipmasters and the Different States Involved in SAR Disasters”, Italian Yearbook of Int. Law, 2018, p. 82 ff.
FERRI, F., “Il Codice di condotta per le ONG e i diritti dei migranti: fra diritto internazionale e politiche europee”, Diritti umani e diritto internazionale, 2018, p. 189 ff.
GATTI, M., OTT, A., “The EU-Turkey Statement: legal nature and compatibility with EU institutional law”, n Carrera, S., Santos Vara, J., Strik, T., (eds.), Constitutionalising the External Dimensions of EU Migration Policies in Times of Crisis: Legality, Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights Reconsidered, Cheltenham, 2019, p. 175 ff.
LIGUORI, A., Migration Law and The Externalisation of Border Controls, Routledge, London and New York, 2019.
LIGUORI, A., “The Externalization of Border Controls and the Responsibility of Outsourcing States under the European Convention on Human Rights”, Rivista di Diritto Internazionale, 2018, p. 1228 ff.
RAMACCIOTTI, M., “Sulla utilità di un codice di condotta per le organizzazioni non governative impegnate in attività di Search and Rescue (SAR)”, Rivista di diritto internazionale, 2018, p. 213 ff.;
SCOVAZZI, T., “Human Rights and Immigration at Sea”, in Rubio-Marín, R., (ed.), Human Rights and Immigration, OUP, Oxford, 2014, p. 225 ff.
SPAGNOLO, A., “The Conclusion of Bilateral Agreements and Technical Arrangements for the Management of Migration Flows: An Overview of the Italian Practice”, Italian Yearbook of International Law, 2018 p. 211 ff.
STARITA, M., “Il dovere di soccorso in mare e il diritto di obbedire al diritto (internazionale) del comandante della nave privata”, Diritti umani e diritto internazionale, 2019, p. 5 ff.