The role of environmental education in the conservation of biodiversity
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https://doi.org/10.25267/Rev_educ_ambient_sostenibilidad.2022.v4.i2.2302Info
Abstract
Environmental education is a fundamental tool to overcome the biodiversity crisis, however, publications that analyze the practice of environmental education are still scarce. In this article, we studied how an environmental education experience influences the perception of biodiversity conservation in the short and medium term in primary and secondary school students. For this, a series of repetitions of a survey and talk on biodiversity (before, immediately after, and several months later) was carried out to two groups of students between seven and eight years old and between 13 and 14 years old. The results of the study showed that the students had a greater base knowledge of exotic than native species, and that, after the talk on biodiversity, the results were inverted. In the long term, the behavior of the two groups was different, while in the younger students the references between native and exotic species are balanced, in the older students the situation is the same at the beginning. Based on the answers to the questions: what causes the extinction of species?, why conserve biodiversity?, what measures can be taken to prevent biodiversity loss? The potentially negative influence of environmental education activities that outline the reasons to conserve ecosystem services or utilitarian reasons is discussed. Finally, a call of attention is made to take care of the risk that environmental education interventions generate ecophobia.
Keywords: Endangered species, extinction, exotic species, ecophobia
El rol de la educación ambiental en la conservación de la biodiversidad
Resumen: La educación ambiental es una herramienta fundamental para superar la crisis de la biodiversidad, sin embargo, las publicaciones que analizan la práctica de la educación ambiental siguen siendo escasas. En este artículo se estudia cómo influye una experiencia de educación ambiental en la percepción de la conservación de la biodiversidad a corto y mediano plazo en estudiantes de enseñanza primaria y secundaria. Para ello se realizó una serie de repeticiones de una encuesta y charla sobre biodiversidad (antes, inmediatamente después y varios meses despúes) a dos grupos de estudiantes de entre siete y ocho años y entre 13 y 14 años de edad. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los estudiantes tienen de base mayor conocimiento de especies exóticas que nativas, y que, luego de la charla sobre biodiversidad se invirtieron los resultados. A mediano plazo los comportamientos de los universos fueron diferentes, mientras que en los estudiantes menores se equilibraron las referencias entre especies nativas y exóticas en los estudiantes mayores la situación fue igual al comienzo. En base a las respuestas a las preguntas: ¿qué causa la extinción de las especies?, ¿por qué conservar la biodiversidad?, ¿qué medidas se pueden tomar para evitar la pérdida de biodiversidad?. Se discute la influencia potencialmente negativa de actividades de educación ambiental que perfilan las razones para conservar en servicios ecosistémicos o razones utilitaristas. Finalmente, se llama la atención sobre el riesgo de que las intervenciones de educación ambiental generen ecofobia.
Palabras clave: Especies amenazadas, extinción, especies exóticas, ecofobia
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