Shaping EU borders: an analysis of the technological and institutional developments in border management in the European Union
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- Irene Baceiredo Macho (ES) Universidad de Deusto
Resumen
La evolución de la gestión de las fronteras en la Unión Europea (UE) en los últimos 40 años ha estado marcada en gran medida por dos grandes acontecimientos: de un lado, la ampliación de 2004 y, por otro, la “crisis de los refugiados” de 2015. Esto provocó la transformación de una competencia exclusiva de los Estados Miembros en una competencia compartida entre ellos y la Unión. Asimismo, estos eventos catalizaron el desarrollo de mecanismos cruciales para el control fronterizo actual: el Sistema de Información de Schengen (SIS) y el resto de los sistemas informáticos de gran magnitud de la UE, junto con la creación y transformación de la Guardia Europea de Fronteras y Costas (GEFC o FRONTEX). En los últimos años, la gestión de las fronteras ha seguido evolucionando con la introducción de nuevas tecnologías como la elaboración de perfiles algorítmicos o el uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA). Sin embargo, estas innovaciones plantean nuevos retos éticos y para los derechos fundamentales.
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