What is Blue Colonialism?
Auteurs-es
- Nathalie Ros (FR) Université de Tours
Résumé
Qu’est-ce que le colonialisme bleu ? En tant que concept, c’est un avatar de la privatisation des mers, emblématique du droit de la mer post-nouveau ; il s’agit d’un phénomène justifié au nom de l’économie bleue, dans la mesure où le contexte de l’Anthropocène implique l’économicisation de la mer, et facilité par la spatialisation fonctionnelle des espaces maritimes, à travers le développement de la planification spatiale marine et des aires marines protégées. Mais, en pratique, le colonialisme bleu apparaît une stratégie géopolitiquement différenciée, initialement développée dans l’Indo-Pacifique, dans les espaces maritimes sous juridiction nationale de petits États insulaires en développement, comme un modèle à répliquer, selon une logique de compensation et afin de sécuriser l’accès aux ressources minérales nécessaires à la transition écologique ; mis en œuvre, via la gouvernance environnementale privée des ONG et des trusts, et la financiarisation associée de la conservation, sous la forme d’un renoncement de souveraineté au profit d’une dynamique transnationale, le colonialisme bleu est un nouveau paradigme juridique au service du modèle économique dominant, mais aussi une injustice bleue visant à transférer la charge des sacrifices sur ceux qui ne sont pas responsables de la triple crise planétaire, afin de poursuivre le processus de croissance.
Mots-clés
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