Exploring the perceptions of judges and prison professionals regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence for the performance of their duties

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into the criminal justice system, promising greater efficiency. However, its success depends not only on technological sophistication but also on how professionals in the field perceive it. Comparative research reveals that, while the usefulness of AI is widely acknowledged, fundamental concerns persist regarding algorithmic transparency, data bias, and the necessity of human oversight. These concerns are, in fact, key challenges addressed by national and international regulations and recommendations, which seek to balance technological progress with the rule of law. In this context, the present study addresses a research gap in Spain by exploring how judicial and correctional professionals perceive the impact of AI on their roles. Using the Nominal Group Technique, the study identified AI applications with the greatest perceived potential as well as the main challenges for its advancement. This work provides an important empirical foundation for designing implementation strategies, training programs, and regulatory frameworks that promote responsible AI, while ensuring alignment with the needs of those who will use it