Modelos del Manejo Integrado de Zonas Costeras: Análisis Comparativo y Propuesta de Adopción para el Caso de Akumal (México)

Abstract

Coastal zones are distinguished as areas where natural conditions and resources compete, evidently limited, in a great diversity of socioeconomic activities. In this context, several conceptual and methodological models have been developed and are used in parallel at the moment and the application of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). In this document, from the literature review and the critical analysis, the appearance and evolution of several models that have been proposed, in different countries and contexts, for the adoption and implementation of the MIZC are discussed. From this review and analysis, and other methods, which included the consultation of experts and the development of technical workshops, the general principles and elements are identified for the use of these models in the local context of Akumal in the Riviera Maya in the Mexican Caribbean. As conclusions, the diversity and most characteristic features of the main ICZM models are recognized, in different countries and regions, which have been promoted from different areas, linked to international organizations, national and academic institutions, or from practical applications and practical experiences. It is argued that the ICZM, through its different models, has shaped at present as a “philosophy” and a conceptual-methodological operative doctrine, with capacity for evolution and renewal, and high application value. It also reaffirmed that, that the challenge to face is the transition from the elaboration of characterizations and diagnoses of ecosystems and coastal conflicts, towards the conformation and implementation of ICZM programs, particularly at a local level, agreed with governments and authorities, all with broad participation of all the actors involved. Finally, the role of the ICZM pilot experiences is insisted on, which allows us to move towards a theory of changes based on concrete results, and in this sense the Akumal locality is distinguished, and the essential principles and elements to be considered are proposed, from the Olsen-ECOCOSTAS-LOICZ model, to move towards the adoption of an ICZM.