Deverbal discourse-pragmatic markers in English and Spanish: A contrastive corpus-based study on 'wait' and 'espera'
DOI
https://doi.org/10.25267/Pragmalinguistica.2023.i31.10Info
Abstract
This paper offers a contrastive analysis of two deverbal discourse-pragmatic markers, English wait and its equivalent in Spanish espera. Although discourse-pragmatic markers have been widely explored over the years, wait and espera have received very little scholarly attention, especially from a contrastive viewpoint. This paper intends to contribute to fill this gap in the literature by offering a corpus-based analysis of English wait and Spanish espera as discourse-pragmatic markers. The data analysed are retrieved from the spoken component of the British National Corpus 2014, for English, and Corpes XXI, for Spanish. The results throw light on the uses of these two discourse-pragmatic markers, distinguishing five different discourse functions and unveiling some similarities and differences across the two languages examined.
Keywords
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Cristina Lastres-López, Nazaret Camacho-Salas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
AIJMER, K. (1997): “I think – an English modal particle”, Swan, T. and Westvik, O. J. (eds.), Modality in Germanic languages: Historical and comparative perspectives, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 1-47.
AIKHENVALD, A. (2012): “The essence of mirativity”, Linguistic Typology, 16(3), pp. 435-485. https://doi.org/10.1515/lity-2012-0017
ANDERSEN, G. (2001): Pragmatic markers and sociolinguistic variation: A relevance-theoretic approach to the language of adolescents, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
AZOFRA SIERRA, E. & ENGHELS, R. (2017): “El proceso de gramaticalización del marcador epistémico deverbal sabes”, Iberoromania, 85, pp. 105-129. https://doi.org/10.1515/iber-2017-0008
BADAN, L. (2021): “Verb-based discourse markers in Italian: Guarda, vedi, guarda te, vedi te”, Van Olmen, D. and Šinkūnienė, J. (eds.), Pragmatic markers and peripheries, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 143-170.
BEECHING, K. (2016): Pragmatic markers in British English: Meaning in social interaction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
BRINTON, L. (1996): Pragmatic markers in English: Grammaticalization and discourse functions, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
BRINTON, L. (2001): “From matrix clause to pragmatic marker: The history of look-forms”, Journal of Historical Pragmatics, 2(2), pp. 177-199. https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.2.2.02bri
BRIZ, A., PONS, S. & PORTOLÉS, J. (coords.) (2008): Diccionario de partículas discursivas del español. https://www.dpde.es (Last accessed: 29/10/2022).
CESTERO MANCERA, A. M. & MORENO FERNÁNDEZ, F. (2008): “Usos y funciones de vale y ¡venga! en el habla de Madrid”, Boletín de Lingüística, 20(29), pp. 65-84. http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0798-97092008000100003&lng=es&nrm=iso (Last accessed: 18/10/2022).
CHODOROWSKA-PILCH, M. (1999): “On the polite use of vamos in Peninsular Spanish”, Pragmatics, 9(3), pp. 343-355. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.9.3.01cho
CUCATTO, A. & CUCATTO, M. (2004): “La gramaticalización de la pieza léxica ‘ver’: Del uso del sistema a la sistematización del uso”, Pragmalingüística, 12, pp. 27-43.
DANIELS, K. (2014): “On the grammaticalization of venga ‘come’ as a discourse marker in Peninsular Spanish”, Devos, M. and Van der Wal, J. (eds.), ‘COME’ and ‘GO’ off the Beaten Grammaticalization Path, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 219-248.
DELANCEY, S. (1997): “Mirativity: The grammatical marking of unexpected information”, Linguistic Typology, 1(1), pp. 33-52. https://doi.org/10.1515/lity.1997.1.1.33
DOSTIE, G. (2004): Pragmaticalisation et marqueurs discursifs. Analyse sémantique et traitement lexicographique, Brussels: De Boeck/Duculot.
ENGHELS, R. (2018): “On the grammaticalization of the deverbal epistemic pragmatic marker sabes: a study in recent language change”, Revue Roumaine de Linguistique, 63(4), pp. 341-360. http://www.lingv.ro/images/RRL%20%204%202018%2003-Enghels.pdf (Last accessed: 24/10/2022).
ERMAN, B. (2001): “Pragmatic markers revisited with a focus on you know in adult and adolescent talk”, Journal of Pragmatics, 33(9), pp. 1337-1359. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00066-7
FEDRIANI, C. & MOLINELLI, P. (2019): “Italian ma ‘but’ in deverbal pragmatic markers: Forms, functions, and productivity of a pragma-dyad”, Cuadernos de Filología Italiana, 26, pp. 29-55. https://doi.org/10.5209/cfit.62864
FETZER, A. (2014): “I think, I mean and I believe in political discourse. Collocates, functions and distribution”, Functions of Language, 21(1), pp. 67-94. https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.21.1.05fet
FOX TREE, J. E. & SCHROCK, J. C. (2002): “Basic meanings of you know and I mean”, Journal of Pragmatics, 34(6), pp. 727-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00027-9
FRASER, B. (1996): “Pragmatic markers”, Pragmatics, 6(2), pp.167-190. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.6.2.03fra
FUENTES-RODRÍGUEZ, C. (1998): “Vamos: un conector coloquial de gran complejidad”, Martín Zorraquino, M. A. and Montolío Durán, E. (coords.), Los marcadores del discurso. Teoría y análisis, Madrid: Arco Libros, pp. 177-192.
FUENTES RODRÍGUEZ, C. (2009): Diccionario de conectores y operadores del español. Madrid: Arco Libros.
FUENTES RODRÍGUEZ, C. (2018): Diccionario de conectores y operadores del español. Madrid: Arco Libros.
GONZÁLEZ SANZ, M. (2017a): “Verás: aproximación pragmático-discursiva”, Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación, 71, pp. 83-98. https://doi.org/10.5209/CLAC.57304
GONZÁLEZ SANZ, M. (2017b): “Una aproximación pragmática y sintáctica al marcador conversacional a ver”, Pragmalingüística, 25, pp. 232-248. https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/pragma/article/view/2430 (Last accessed: 31/03/2023).
GONZÁLEZ SANZ, M. (2020): “Subjetividad e intersubjetividad: un estudio sobre construcciones en proceso procedentes del verbo ver”, Fuentes Rodríguez, C. (coord.), Operadores en proceso, Munich: Lincom, pp. 37-75.
GUILLÉN ESCAMILLA, J. E. (2018): “Hacia una caracterización funcional de fijarse como marcador del discurso”, Pragmalingüística, 26, pp. 131-147. https://doi.org/10.25267/Pragmalinguistica.2018.i26.07
HAEGEMAN, L. (2014): “West flemish verb-based discourse markers and the articulation of the speech act layer”, Studia Linguistica, 68(1), pp. 116-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/stul.12023
HANEGREEFS, H. & GONZÁLEZ MELÓN, E. (2015): “Communicative effects of mira ‘look’ and a ver ‘let’s see’ in oral argumentative discourse: Divergence versus convergence”, Spanish in Context, 12(1), pp. 35-55. https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.12.1.03han
HOLMES, J. (1986): “Functions of you know in women’s and men’s speech”, Language in Society, 15(1), pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500011623
KELLER, E. (1979): “Gambits: Conversational strategy signals”, Journal of Pragmatics, 3, pp. 219-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(79)90032-8
LIU, B. (2016): “Effect of L2 exposure: From a perspective of discourse markers”, Applied Linguistics Review, 7(1), pp. 73-98. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2016-0004
LOVE, R. (2020): Overcoming challenges in corpus construction: The Spoken British National Corpus 2014, London: Routledge.
LOVE, R., DEMBRY, C., HARDIE, A., BREZINA, V. & MCENERY, T. (2017): “The Spoken BNC2014: designing and building a spoken corpus of everyday conversations”, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 22(3), pp. 319-344. https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.22.3.02lov
MARTÍN-ZORRAQUINO, M. A. & PORTOLÉS-LÁZARO, J. (1999): “Los Marcadores del Discurso”, Bosque, I. and Demonte, V. (coords.), Gramática Descriptiva de la Lengua Española. Volumen 3. Entre la oración y el discurso. Morfología, Madrid: Espasa Calpe, pp. 4051-4213.
ÖSTMAN, J.-O. (1981): You know: A discourse-functional study, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
PADILLA HERRADA, M. S. (2017): “Formas de expresión de la modalidad confirmativa en Whatsapp”, Pragmalingüística, 25, pp. 439-466. https://revistas.uca.es/index.php/pragma/article/view/2425 (Last accessed: 31/03/2023).
PICHLER, H. (2013): The structure of discourse-pragmatic variation, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
POLANCO, F. (2017): “La locución discursiva ‘pero vamos/vaya’ como reorganizador discursivo”, Revista Signos. Estudios de Lingüística, 50(93), pp. 71-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-09342017000100004
PORROCHE-BALLESTEROS, M. (2020): “Los marcadores discursivos oye y mira en español”, Messias Nogueira da Silva, A., Rodríguez Fuentes, C., and Martí Sánchez, M. (coords.), Aportaciones desde el español y el portugués a los marcadores discursivos. Treinta años después de Martín Zorraquino y Portolés, Sevilla: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, pp. 273-292.
SANTOS RÍO, L. (2003): Diccionario de partículas, Madrid: Luso-Española de Ediciones.
SCHWENTER, S., HOFF, M. & THE STUDENTS OF SPAN 5630 (2019): “Wait, wut? Comparing a discourse marker in English and Spanish”, Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Ohio State University Congress on Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics (OSUCHiLL), March 2019. Columbus, Ohio, USA.
TAGLIAMONTE, S. (2021): “Wait, It’s a discourse marker”, American Speech, 96(4), pp. 424-449. https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-8791763
TANGHE, S. (2016): “Position and polyfunctionality of discourse markers: The case of Spanish markers derived from motion verbs”, Journal of Pragmatics, 93, pp. 16-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.12.002
TANGHE, S. & JANSEGERS, M. (2014): “Marcadores del discurso derivados de los verbos de percepción. Un análi-sis comparativo entre el español y el italiano”, Revue Romane, 49(1), pp. 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1075/rro.49.1.01jan
TSOY, E. (2022): “Functions of Russian verb-derived discourse markers slušaj and smotri from the perspective of information management and interpersonal regulation”, Journal of Pragmatics, 193, pp. 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2022.03.010
VAN OLMEN, D. (2010): “The imperative of intentional visual perception as a pragmatic marker. A contrastive study of Dutch, English and Romance”, Languages in Contrast, 10(2), pp. 223-244. https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.10.2.06van
WALLIS, S. (2021): Statistics in corpus linguistics research: A new approach, London: Routledge.