Finnish social services students as facilitators of the linguistic adaptation of their international peers
DOI
https://doi.org/10.25267/Tavira.2025.i30.1204Info
Abstract
This study examines the language support available to international students in Finnish higher education, focusing on informal language meetings organized by Bachelor of Social Services students at a University of Applied Sciences. These sessions aim to foster both social and linguistic integration. Using a focus group interview, the study examines the motivations of Social Services students in facilitating these activities, their self-perceptions as practice-oriented learners, and how these perceptions inform their pedagogical approaches. Grounded in the distinction between informative and transformative learning, the findings highlight key challenges: limited opportunities for oral Finnish practice, the ambivalent role of English —which facilitates daily communication but hinders Finnish acquisition— and the insufficiency of formal language education in promoting active use of Finnish. The study underscores the importance of accessible, peer-led language initiatives in promoting integration and well-being both on international campuses and beyond.
Keywords
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Miira Häkkinen

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who have publications with this journal agree to the following terms:
- They will retain their copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License. They may copy, use, disseminate, transmit, and publicly display, provided that authorship, url, and journal are cited, and they are not used for commercial purposes. Derivative works are not permitted.
You may adopt other non-exclusive licensing arrangements for distribution of the published version of the work (e.g. deposit it in an institutional telematic archive or publish it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this journal is indicated.
Disseminate your work on the Internet (e.g. in institutional telematic archives or on your website), which can lead to interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work. (See The Open Access Effect)
References
Agencia Nacional de Educación de Finlandia (2024, 6 de Febrero) Kansainväliset osaajat Suomessa [Talento internacional en Finlandia]. https://tinyurl.com/msb72a9n
Aksoy, C. G., Poutvaara, P., y Schikora, F. (2020). First time around: Local conditions and multidimensional integration of refugees (Working Paper No. 8747). IZA Institute of Labor Economics.
Assarroudi, A., Heshmati, N. F., Armat, M. R., Ebadi, A., y Vaismoradi, M. (2018). Directed qualitative content analysis: The description and elaboration of its underpinning methods and data analysis process. Journal of Research in Nursing, 23(1), 42–55. http://bit.ly/4esm6WK
Beier H., y Kroneberg C. (2013). Language boundaries and the subjective well-being of immigrants in Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(10), 1535–155. http://bit.ly/44ya7CA
Colliander, H. (2019). Being transformed and transforming oneself in a time of change: A study of teacher identity in second language education for adults. Studies in the Education of Adults 51(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2018.1526447
Dirkx, J. M. (2006). Engaging emotions in adult learning: A Jungian perspective on emotion and transformative learning. New directions for adult and continuing education, 109, 15–26. DOI:10.1002/ace.204
Eschenbacher, S. (2020). Transformative learning theory and migration. Having transformative and edifying conversations. European journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults 11(3), 367–381. https://doi.org/10.3384/2000-7426.ojs1678
Espejo Leupin, R., y González-Suárez, J. M. (2015). Aprendizaje transformativo y programas de investigación en el desarrollo docente universitario. REDU - Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 13(3), 309–330. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2015.5431
European Migration Network (2024) Annual Report on Migration and Asylum, Finland 2024. https://tinyurl.com/htz4pc9k
Finnish Immigration Service (2025, 30 de enero) Immigration statistics 2024: Sharp drop in applications for international protection, record number of students applied for residence permit. https://tinyurl.com/3dn9zjzv
Gómez Redondo, C., y Alonso Sanz, R. (2025). Percepciones del profesorado en formación en torno a la educación fuera del aula. Pulso. Revista De educación, 48, 39–62. https://doi.org/10.58265/pulso.7508
Gutiérrez Rivero, A., y Orellana Ortega, V. (2014). Enseñanza de español a niños inmigrantes: Algunos recursos prácticos. In Investigaciones sobre la enseñanza del español y su cultura en contextos de inmigración (pp. 118–142). Universidad de Helsinki; Universidad de Sevilla.
Heinemann, A. M. B. (2017). The making of ‘good citizens’: German courses for migrants and refugees. Studies in the Education of Adults, 49(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2018.1453115
Hoggan, C., Mälkki, K., y Finnegan, F. (2016). Developing the Theory of Perspective Transformation: Continuity, Intersubjectivity, and Emancipatory Praxis. Adult Education Quarterly, 67(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713616674076
Häkkinen, M., y Mikkilä-Erdmann, M. (2023). Language teachers’ accounts of challenges in two European settings of integration training. European Educational Research Journal, 22(2), 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/14749041211054954
Häkkinen, M., y Mikkilä-Erdmann, M. (2025). Experiences of Language in Migration: Communicating Well-Being in Finland and Germany. Adult Education Quarterly, 75(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/07417136241266215
Illeris, K. (2014). Transformative Learning and Identity. Journal of Transformative Education, 12(2), 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344614548423
Kegan, R. (2018). What “form” transforms?: A constructive-developmental approach to transformative learning. In Contemporary theories of learning. (pp. 29-45). Routledge.
Mezirow, J. (1994). Understanding Transformation Theory. Adult Education Quarterly, 44(4), 222–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171369404400403
Mezirow, J. (2012). Learning to think like an adult: Core concepts of transformative learning theory. Handbook of transformative learning: Theory, research, and practice, (pp. 73–96).
Morgan, D. (2019). Introducing focus groups. In Introducing Focus Groups (pp. 3-16). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071814307.n1
Mälkki, K. (2011). Theorizing the nature of reflection [Doctoral dissertation, University of Helsinki].
Mäntyranta, T., y Kaila, M. (2008). Fokusryhmähaastattelu laadullisen tutkimuksen menetelmänä lääketieteessä [La entrevista en grupo focal como método de investigación cualitativa en medicina]. Duodecim, 124 (13), 1507–1513.
Reyes, V. R. (2014). Desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa mediante proyectos y actuaciones educativas de éxito. In Investigaciones sobre la enseñanza del español y su cultura en contextos de inmigración (pp. 143–162). Universidad de Helsinki; Universidad de Sevilla.
Rodin L., Rodin A., y Brunke S. (2017). Language training and well-being for qualified migrants in Sweden. International Journal of Migration, Health, and Social Care, 13(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMHSC-11-2014-0043
Rodríguez, J. B., y Navarrete, I. M. (2021). La interacción entre profesor y alumnos en el aula de ELE: Preferencias de uso en función de la experiencia y el contexto de enseñanza. marcoELE: Revista de Didáctica Español Lengua Extranjera, 33. https://tinyurl.com/8tmdrent
Sánchez, F. I. M., González, M. L. A., y Esmeral, A. S. J. (2020). Metodologías cualitativas en la investigación educativa. Editorial UniMagdalena.
Taylor, E. W. (2010). Fostering transformative learning. In J. Mezirow & E. W. Taylor (Eds.), Transformative learning in practice: Insights from community, workplace, and higher education (pp. 35–52). Jossey-Bass.

