Ciencias para el mundo contemporáneo. Algunas reflexiones didácticas
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Abstract
La irrupción de una nueva materia de bachillerato en respuesta a la situación de deterioro de la educación científica es objeto de estudio. Trata de ofrecer al alumno una temática sugestiva, extraída de su entorno y centrada en problemas sociales de transfondo científico. Las corrientes didácticas que la conforman son particularmente la orientación CTS y el enfoque de alfabetización científica, todo ello dentro del marco constructivista. La asignatura, con relación a las habituales de ciencias, supone un cambio de planteamientos que no es sólo de contenidos sino también de metodología. El profesor habrá de asumir, pues, algo a lo que, en general, no está acostumbrado. Sus objeciones más frecuentes son por último comentadas.
Palabras clave: enseñanza de las ciencias; profesorado de ciencias; alfabetización científica; CTS; ciencia contextual; naturaleza de la ciencia.
Science for the contemporary world
This article studies the appearance of a new subject in the secondary school curriculum in response to the rapidly deteriorating situation in science education. This subject offers the student a very stimulating view of everyday science present in daily contexts, and which focuses on social problems with a scientific background. The didactic tendencies that converge here are above all the STS orientation and the scientific literacy movement, all within the constructivist framework. In comparison to traditional science subjects, this new subject differs both in content as well as methodology. As a result, the teacher will have to change his perspective and teach in a rather different way than what he has been accustomed to in the past. The most frequent criticisms that teachers raise to this subject are also discussed.
Key words: science teaching; science teachers; scientific literacy; STS; contextual science; the nature of science.
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