Review and evaluation of Brown and Levison's model of politeness

DOI
https://doi.org/10.25267/Pragmalinguistica.1999.i7.01Info
Abstract
In this artiele, I try lo make a revision of Brown and Levinson' s model of politeness in order lo analyse both its validity as a universal and Iheorelical model and as a model that can be applied to the study of strategies of politeness in different cultures.
Keywords
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Pragmalingüística

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
BAXTER, L.A. (1984), "An Investigation ofCompliance. Gaining as Politeness", Human Communication Research 10-3, 427-456.
BEINHAUER, W. (1964), El español coloquial, Madrid, Gredos, 1991.
BLUM-KULKA, S. (1982), "Leaming to say what you mean in a second language: A study of the speech act performance of Jeamers of Hebrew as a second language", Applied Linguistics 3(1), 29-60.
BLUM-KULKA, S. (1983), "Interpreting and performing speech acts in a second language: A cross-cultural study of Hebrew and English", en N. Wolfson y E. Judd (eds.), Sociolinguistic and language acquisition, Rowley, MA, Newbury House, 36-55.
BLUM-KULKA, S. (1987), "Indirectness and politeness in requests: same or different?", Journal 01 Pragmatics, 11-2, 131-146.
BLUM-KULKA, S. (I989), "Playing it safe: The role of conventionality in indirectness", en S. Blum-Kulka, J. House y G. Kasper (eds.), Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and apologies, Norwood, NJ, Ablex, 37-70.
BLUM-KULKA, S. (1990), "You don t touch lettuce with your fingers: Parental politeness in family discourse", Journal 01 pragmatics 14, 259-288.
BLUM-KULKA, S. (I 992), "The metapragmaticsofpoliteness in Israeli society", en R. J. Watts, S. Ide y K. Ehlich (eds.), Politeness in language: Studies in its history, theory and practice, Berlín, Mouton, 255-279.
BLUM-KULKA, S. y 1. HOUSE (1989), "Cross-cultural and situational variation in requesting behavior", en S. Blum-Kulka, 1. House y G. Kasper (eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies, Norwood, NJ, Ablex, 123-154.
BROWN, P. y S. LEVINSON (1987), Politeness. Some universals in language usage, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
BUBLITZ, W. (1988), Supportive Fellow-Speakers and Cooperative Conversations, Amsterdam, John Benjamins.
CAMERON, R. (1982), Díscourse and delerence: request strategies in English, Spanish and the interlanguage ollearners 01 English, PhD, Graduate Faculty of the ColIege of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University.
CARRASCO SANT ANA, A.(1998), "Tendenciasrelacionalesde los españoles en las interacciones verbales 1: La distancia social en la conversación", Cuadernos del Lazarillo, 15, 55-61.
COULMAS, F. (1979), "On the sociolinguistic relevance of routine formulae", Journal 01 Pragmatics 3-3/4, 239-266.
EISENSTEIN, M. Y J.W. BODMAN (1986), "I Very Appreciate': Expressions of Gratitude by Native and Non-native Speakers of American English", Applied Linguistics 7-2, 167-185.
ESCANDELL VIDAL, M. V. (1995), "Cortesía, fórmulas convencionales y estrategias indirectas", Revista Española de Lingüística, 25, 1, 31-66.
FITZPATRICK, M. Y J. WINKE (1979), "You always hurt the one you love: Strategies and tactics in interpersonal conflict", Communication Quarterly, 27, 3-11.
FRASER, B. Y W. NOLEN (1981), "The association of deference with linguistic form", International Journal of the Sociology of Language 27, 93-109.
GARCÍA, C. (1989), "Apologizing in English: Politeness strategies used by native and non-native speakers", Multilingua 8(1), 3-20.
GOFFMAN, E. (1973), La mise en scène de la vie quotidienne (2 vol.). Vol. 1: La présentation de sol. Vol. II, Les relations en public, París, Minuit.
GOFFMAN, E. (1974), Les rites d'interaction, París, Minuit.
GOFFMAN, E. (1987), Façons de parler, París, Minuit.
GRICE, H.P. (1975), "Logic and Conversation", en P. Cole y J.L. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and Semantics, vol. 3, Speech Acts, Nueva York, Academic Press, 41-58.
HAVERKATE, H. (1994), La cortesia verbal. Estudio pragmalingüístico, Madrid, Gredos.
HOLTGRAVES, TH. y J.YANG (1990), "Politeness as Universal: Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Request Strategies and Inferences Based on Their Use", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59-4, 719-729.
HOUSE, J. y G. KASPER (1981), "Politeness markers in English and German", en F. Coulmas (ed.), Conversational Routine, La Haya, Mouton, 157-185.
KASHER, S. (1986), "Politeness and Rationality", en J.P. Johansen & H. Sonne (eds.), Pragmatics and Linguistics, Odense Univ. Press, 103-114.
KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, C. (1992), Les interactions verbales, Tomo II, Paris, Armand Colin.
LABOV, W. y D. Fanshel (1977), Therapeutic Discourse, New York, Academic Press.
LAKOFF, R. (1973), "The Logic of Politeness; or, Minding your p's and q's", Papers from the Ninth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 292-305.
LAKOFF, R. (1977), "What You Can Do With Words: Politeness, Pragmatics, and Performatives" en A. Rogers, B. Wall y J.P. Murphy (eds.), Proceedings of the Texas Conference on Performatives, Presupposition, and Implicatures, Arlington, Center for Applied Linguistics, 79-105.
LEECH, G. (1983), Principles of pragmatics, Londres, Longman.
MALINOWSKI, B. (1972), "Phatic Communion", en Laver & Hutcheson (eds.), Communication in Face to Face Interaction, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 146-162.
MEIER, A.J. (1995), "Passages of politeness", Journal of Pragmatics, 24, 381-392.
RICHARDS, J.C. (1981), "Talking across cultures", Canadian Modern Language Review 37, 572-582.
SADOCK, J.M. (1978), "On testing for conversational implicature" en P. Cole (ed.), Syntax and Semantics vol. 9, New York, Academic Press, 281-297. SCOLLON, R. Y S. SCOLLON (1983), "Face in interethnic communication", en J.
Richards y R. Schmidt (eds.), Language and communication, London, Longman, 156-188.
SPERBER, D. Y D. WILSON (1986), La relevancia. Comunicación y procesos cognitivos, Madrid, Visor, 1994.
STENSTRÖM, A.B. (1984), Questions and responses in English Conversation, Malmö, CWK Gleerup.
TANAKA, S. Y S. KAWADE (1982), "Politeness Strategies and Second Language Acquisition", Studies in Second Language Acquisition 5-1, 18-33.
VARONIS, E.M. Y S. GASS (1985), "Non-Native/Non-native Conversations: A Model for Negotiation of Meaning", Applied Linguistics 6-1, 71-90.
VICHER, A. Y D. SANKOFF (1989), "The emergent syntax of turn openings", Journal of Pragmatics 13-1, 81-97.
WEIZMAN, E. (1985), "Towards an analysis of opaque utterances: Hints as a request strategy", Theoretical Linguistics, 12-2/3, 153-163.
WEIZMAN, E. (1989), "Requestive Hints", en S. Blum-Kulka y otros (eds.), Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies, Norwood, Ablex (Advances in Discourse Processes, vol. XXXI), 71-95.
WIDDOWSON, H.G. (1984), Explorations in applied linguistics 2, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
WIERZBICKA, A. (1985). "Different cultures, different languages, different speech acts. Polish vs English", Journal of Pragmatics 9-2/3, 145-178.