Algunas reflexiones sobre la relación entre el uso de resolución de problemas como estrategia metodológica para la enseñanza de ciencias en la educación primaria y los cambios de comportamiento del grupo en estudio
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Abstract
Este trabajo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre el proceso de elaboración de actividades metodológicas que constituyen una propuesta pedagógica alternativa a la transmisión de conocimientos, con paradigmas constructivistas, en la que se ha procurado repensar el papel del alumno, el del profesor y la socialización del grupo en las clases de ciencias de 8º grado de la enseñanza básica. Por medio de la construcción de un currículo flexible, estructurado a partir de las necesidades e intereses de los alumnos y de los conceptos fundamentales indicados por la profesora, se organizaron cinco unidades temáticas de estudio, constituidas por diferentes actividades -entre las cuales diez resoluciones de problemas- desarrolladas a lo largo del año lectivo de 2007 y que posibilitaron cambios positivos en el comportamiento del grupo estudiado.
Palabras clave: Enseñanza de ciencias; resolución de problemas; constructivismo, currículo de ciencias
The use of problem solving as methodological strategy for the teaching of sciences in basic education and the behavioral changes of the group under study
The present work is the result of a case study performed in a state school of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with 30 students of the 8th grade of the basic education, during the school year of 2007, where the Science full teacher and postgraduate at UFRGS did her research. The proposal developed aimed to substitute the knowledge transmission for a methodology based on constructivism, leveraging the problem solving, among other activities, to rethink the student’s and the teacher’s role, and the group’s socialization. From the construction of a flexible syllabus, backed up by subjects in which the students showed interest, and the fundamental concepts indicated by the teacher, the planning of six thematic units was structured, which were constituted of different activities, totaling ten problem solving activities. In this way, this article presents some reflections on the process of creating methodological activities, its difficulties and achievements, besides the changes occurred in relation to the behavior of the group under study because of the new requirements resulting from the proposal.
Keywords: Science teaching; problem solving; constructivism; Science syllabus.
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